Middle-Period Discourse on the Zhong Guo: The Central Country

English: During the middle period (8th - 15th century) literati began to discuss Zhong guo as both historical place and as culture. Although such writing made a clear distinction between Zhong guo as the central and superior spatiocultural entity and the surrounding peoples and states (the Yi di), these writers were also opposed to an expansionist foreign policy that tried to incorporate outsiders into the empire. In contrast foreign conquerors typically avoided the discourse of Zhong guo and instead used ethnicity as basis for defining membership in their empires. Although this was a means legislating privileges for the conquering minority it also removed the limits on imperial expansion that were inherent in the discourse of the Zhong guo. Chinese: 在近古時期(八至十五世紀)，士人開始將「中國」同時視為「歷史地 點」與「文化」而進行討論。 雖然這類著作將「中國」視作處於中央並具優 越性的空間 — 文化主體，而將之與其周圍的人民，國家(夷狄)做出清楚 的區分，然而這些作者同時也反對試圖將外人納入其帝國的擴張性對外政 策。 相反的，外國征服者通常避 免「中國」論述基礎。 雖然這是一種將少 數征服者所享有之特權合法化的方法，然而它也移除了內在於「中國」論述 中對帝國擴張的限制。East Asian Languages and Civilization

The Chinese New Middle Class and Green NGOs in South China: Vanguards of Guanxi (Connections)-Seeking, Laggards in Promoting Social Causes?

By examining the emerging Chinese new middle class as well as green non-governmental organisations, this study finds that while the emergence of the Chinese new middle class facilitates the growth of green NGOs, the Chinese new class is not activists or agitators working against the government. Based on in-depth interviews with leaders of green NGOs founded by the Chinese new middle class in Guangdong province, this research examines why green NGOs do not call for or advocate environmental protection It concludes that contrary to conventional wisdom, the Chinese new middle class is a vanguard of guanxi (connections)-seeking, but a laggard in promoting environmental protection and civil-society activism. Green NGOs are principally used as a tool to cultivate social capital in the form of guanxi in order to promote personal material interests

Ontology-based specific and exhaustive user profiles for constraint information fusion for multi-agents

Intelligent agents are an advanced technology utilized in Web Intelligence. When searching information from a distributed Web environment, information is retrieved by multi-agents on the client site and fused on the broker site. The current information fusion techniques rely on cooperation of agents to provide statistics. Such techniques are computationally expensive and unrealistic in the real world. In this paper, we introduce a model that uses a world ontology constructed from the Dewey Decimal Classification to acquire user profiles. By search using specific and exhaustive user profiles, information fusion techniques no longer rely on the statistics provided by agents. The model has been successfully evaluated using the large INEX data set simulating the distributed Web environment

Measurement of Open Heavy Flavor Production with Single Muons in p+p and d+Au Collisions at RHIC

Heavy flavor production in hadronic collisions is dominated by gluonic processes and so is a sensitive probe of the gluon structure function in the nucleon and its modification in nuclei. A study of heavy flavor production in p+p and d+Au collisions in various kinematic regions presents an opportunity to probe cold nuclear medium effects; parton shadowing, color glass condensate, initial state energy loss, and coherent multiple scattering in final state interactions. The PHENIX muon arms cover both forward and backward directions in the rapidity range of $1.2 < |\eta| < 2.4$. We investigate single muon production from open heavy flavor and light mesons decay in p+p and d+Au collisions at forward and backward rapidity.Comment: Strangeness in Quark Matter, 2006, UCL

Challenges ahead: Currents status and future prospects for Chinese Energy

The Chinese government and power industry face important challenges. in the past three decades, china has been experiencing a rapid growth in its economy, and energy consumption has increased dramatically as well. Although per capita energy consumption is lower than that of most developed countries due to the large population of China, total energy consumption is high. In addition, energy resources, fossil fuels, and renewable energy resources are geographically far from load centers. Furthermore, because China wants to contribute to the global effort to combat climate change, it must implement a carbon reduction target while pursuing economic growth and ensuring energy security for 1.3 billion people. © 2012 IEEE.published_or_final_versio

The Use of Locative Nouns Li, Shang, and Zhong as Mandarin Language Adposition

The purpose of this study was to analyze locative nouns (li, shang, and zhong) that may function as postpositions and therefore Mandarin language considered to have circumposition. The collected data were sentences taken from Chinese short stories by Lu Xun and the articles in the tabloid. Because the object of this study consisted of language in texts, hence observation and documentation method were needed. The analysis of data used distribution method with dissipative technic, substitution technic, and insert technic. Through dissipative and insert technic, the distribution of the adpositional phrase could be known. Through substitution technic, the distribution of the adpositional phrase and the use of preposition related tosemantic was conducted. The study shows, in some context of adpositional phrase, locative nouns li, shang, and zhong may function as postpositions, while the use of preposition zai, is optional, and the options provide the same meaning. Based on this result, Mandarin locative nouns should be considered as postpositions

Zhong Yang v. Atty Gen USA

USDC for the District of Delawar

Zhong Hu v. Atty Gen USA

Agenc

Emerging Markets for GM Foods: An Indian Perspective on Consumer Understanding and Willingness to Pay

This paper addresses the issues of consumer awareness, opinion, acceptance and willingness to pay for GM foods in the Indian market. A random utility approach is used to estimate a logit equation which indicates what factors affect the likelihood of consumption of non-GM and GM foods and whether or not consumers are willing to pay a premium for non-GM/GM foods. Data was generated through questionnaire survey which was administered to 602 respondents in the city of Ahmedabad and 110 respondents on internet. More than 90% of the respondents from the city survey did not know about GM foods. However, after informing them about the pros and cons of GM foods, more than 70% were willing to consume even if GM and non-GM foods were available for the same price. Ceteris paribus as the price difference between non-GM and GM food rose, people were more likely to consume GM foods. Likelihood of GM food consumption seemed to increase as one moved from very poor and not-so-poor income brackets to higher income brackets. Being a female or a joint family member increased the likelihood of choosing non-GM rice and edible oil. On an average, consumers were willing to pay 19.5% and 16.12% premiums for golden rice and GM edible oil, respectively. Overall, it appears that GM foods will be acceptable in the Indian market. However, consumer education societies, government ministries, and food companies may have to create awareness about the GM foods among Indian consumers.

Measurement of soft magnetic composite material using an improved 3-D tester with flexible excitation coils and novel sensing coils

In this paper, accurate measurement of three dimensional (3-D) magnetic properties of soft magnetic composite (SMC) material is carried out by using an improved 3-D tester with adjustable excitation coils and novel sensing coils attached upon the surface of the SMC specimen. Comparing with the conventional 3-D tester operating at 50 Hz, the improved 3-D tester enables measurements over wide frequency range from 2 Hz to 1000 Hz. The relationships between the B vector and H vector are measured under both alternating and rotating flux conditions, and the core loss features are analyzed. These experimental results are crucial for designing new SMC electrical machines, which are expected to operate at 200 Hz or above. © 2006 IEEE